ECCAnatomy32

End of Class - Thanks be to HaShem

2005-07-29T17:03:00.000-07:00

Thank goodness we all survived Anatomy Class. If I do not see you in Physiology Class next semester - good luck and blessings to you in all your future accomplishments. Have a great summer!

Tamarah

Circulatory System Review Questions

2005-07-26T15:59:00.000-07:00

Review Questions

1. Discuss the function(s) of the circualtory systems

2. What are the components of the circulatory system?

3. Discuss the similarities between an artery and a vein.

4. What are the two categories of valves found in the human heart? Discuss their functions. Give the specific names of the individual valves from these two categories and indicate where they are found.

5.Trace the path that the blood follows in systemic and pulmonary circulation.

6. Define pericardium?

7. Discuss the structure of the heart and how its structure follows the function of the heart.

8. What is blood pressure? Discuss systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

9. Choose a term that best matches or completes the following statements

a. Protective membrane around the heart
b. Carries blood to the lungs
c. transports blood out of the heart to the body
d. keeps blood from flowing back into the right atrium
e. keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle
f. disease where fatty substance builds up on artery walls
g. contraction of ventricles
h. relaxation of ventricles
i. movement of blood from heart to lungs and back to the heart

j. movement of blood heart to body cells and back to the heart
k. chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
l. pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
m. the blood vessels that supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen
n. transports oxygenated blood to the heart
o. high blood pressure
p. specialized tissue that regulates the heartbeat
q. chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body
l. chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

10. Match the following statements with the appropriate blood vessel
a. smallest blood vessel
b. thickest
c. greatest pressure
d. valves present
e. usually deep within the body
f. carries on exchange of materials

g. cholesterol deposits here
h. classification of aorta
i. carries blood away from the heart
j. classification of vena cavae
k. carries blood to the heart
l. meeting point of venous and arterial system

11. Match the following statement with the appropriate blood component(s).
a. greatest in number
b. have a nucleus
c. transport oxygen
d. function in blood clotting
e. largest in size
f. liquid portion of blood
g. change prothrombin into thrombin

h. amoeba-like: surround and digest foreign material
i. contain hemoglobin
j. produce antibodies
k. attack bacteria
l. too few: anemia
m. too many: leukemia
n. 55% of blood

Blood and Lymph: Choos a term that best matches or completes the following statements
a. clumping of blood cells
b. universal donor
c. universal recipient
d. people with the Rh factor are __?__
e. chemicals that attack and neutralize foreign substances
f. any molecule that causes the synthesis of antibodies when that molecule enters another organism

g. a network of vessels that returns tissue fluid to the blood
h. disease characterized by runaway production of white blood cells
i. disease characterized by severe shortage of hemoglobin
j. enlarged structure containing white blood cells that attack disease
k. enzyme in blood necessary for clotting to occur
l. technical name for white blood cell

Okay, ten more and then I go to sleep....

2005-07-24T02:34:00.000-07:00

1. Pepsinogin is created by ________________________.

2. The ______________ is the only sterile part of the stomach.

3. The external anal spincter is a _____________________ and the internal anal sphincter is an __________________ muscle.

4. There are four lobes in the liver. Name them.

5. There are ___ lobes in the right lung and ____ lobes in the left lung. The difference is because of what?

6. Kidneys are held in place by ____________________.

7. Sperm form in the _______________ _________ and are nurtured and protected by

secretions from the __________________________ ___________.

8. Ejection occurs through the ______________ ___________.

9. The ________ ________________ changes permiability of ovum after fertilization by sperm.

10. The ________ _______________ produces progestins after ovulation.

Fill in the Blanks

2005-07-24T02:17:00.000-07:00

1. Reduced fluid losses in urine due to the reduction of sodium ions and water is the result of the action of: _______________________________.

2. Five functions of the respiratiory system are:
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. Air pressure is lower in which - the lung or pleural cavity (outside of lung)?

4. Which gas can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the medulla oblongata - causing unconsciousness or death? __________

5. Which type of heart failure can cause pulonary edema - right or left?

6. What type of patient would have no residual air in their lungs? ______________

7. What type of peristalsis happens in the lower intestinal tract? ______________

8. Archebald's plexis is part of which nervous system? ________________________

9. In the small intestine, villae are for ____________________ and pits are for ______________________.

10. In the stomach, the cardiac sphincter is a _________________ sphincter while the phyloric sphincter is a ______________ sphincter.

Just T/F Questions:

2005-07-24T02:07:00.000-07:00

1. Tracheal rings completely encircle the trachea.
2. Main task of stmach is for chemical digestion.
3. Pancreatic juice production is controlled by baroreceptors in the muscularis mucosa of the stomach.

4. The stomach produces "intrinsic factor" which is essential for proper absorption of vitamin B-12.

5. One way to avoid developing gallstones is to eat a diet low in fatty foods.
6. A triad is made up of a hepatic artery, hepatic vein and a bile duct.
7. In general, a person has between 100-250 nephrons in one kidney.
8. Urine is made up of 80% bacteria, fats and sugars.
9. Approximately 20-25% of all cardiac output goes to the kidneys.
10. The main mucus producing cells in the nasal conchea are goblet cells.

One of these things is not like the other...

2005-07-24T01:53:00.000-07:00

Pick out the one item that doesn't belong in the grouping:

1. Glans, epididymis, fimbriae Cowper's gland
2. Arcuate blood vessel, efferent arteriole, interlobar blood vessel, rugae
3. sigmoid colon, pouch of Douglas, jejunem, ilium, ceacum
4. Scrotum, mons pubis, hymen, fornix
5. Cardia, fundus, haustra, greater curvature
6. Lacteal, intestinal crypt, lamina propria, falciform ligament, plicae
7. Wirsung's duct, vermiform appendix, splenic flexure, rectum
8. Common bile duct, common hepatic duct, lesser curvature, Wirsing's duct
9. Parotid, pylorus, sublingual, submandibular
10. Dentin, gingival sulcus, circular ligaments, cementum

Questions for Test #5

2005-07-24T01:48:00.000-07:00

My apologies for not posting questions last week. Life got in the way and it just didn't happen. (And it showed on my test -- g-r-r-r!)

Good luck. Study groups will be meeting tomorrow (Sunday) at Catalina's Coffee House at 11am and Border's in Torrance (on Hawthorne Blvd.) at 3pm.

Muscles - True/False Question Answers

2005-07-11T10:27:00.000-07:00

Answers:
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. F

Muscle Questions - #2

2005-07-11T10:16:00.000-07:00

Answers:
1) Skeletal muscle is described by all of the following EXCEPT:
d) autorhythmic

2) The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue:
d) smooth

3) Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle tissue:

c) has intercalated discs

4) Approximately what percentage of body heat is generated by muscle tissue:
d) 85%

5) A muscle fascicle is a:
c) bundle of muscle fibers

6) The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle is a:
a) sarcomere

7) The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are:
d) troponin and tropomyosin

8) Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle:
d) eye movements

9) Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction:
b) muscle fibers stretch

10) This process aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction:
c) acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine

11) The stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from:
b) excessive calcium release in muscle

12) A single motor neuron may innervate as few as 3-5 fibers in muscles of the:
c) eye

13) When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron:
b) acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft

14) Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in:
c) excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber

15) Curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on muscle tissue. This would result in:
b) inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus

16) Training excersizes such as jogging, swimming and aerobics have this effect on skeletal muscle tissue:
a) increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber

17) Muscular dystrophy is a congenital disorder characterized by
a) skeletal muscle degeneration

18) Which of the following disorders is characterized by painful musculoskeletal "tender points":
a) fibromyalgia

19) Anabolic steroids have all these effects except:
c) increases number of muscles in the body

20) Which of the following statements regarding aging and the muscular system is true:
a) aging is associated with decreased myoglobin production

Answers - Muscle Questions - #1

2005-07-11T10:05:00.000-07:00

1. State of a muscle at rest.
2. Muscle cell and controlling neuron
3. Muscle cells are recruited in sequence rather than simultaneously.
4. Cytoplasm is flooded with Ca++ ions
5. False - sarcomere
6. Z-line
7. False - Muscle cell movement creates heat by friction.
8. Long - longus
Lateral - lateralis
diagonal - oblique
triangular - deltoid
saw-toothed - serrated
diamond - pyramidis
circular - orbicularis
wide - lattisimus

9. Insertion
10. rhomboidus thoracicus
11. origin
12. False
13. False - heredity
14. True
15. False - isometric
16. False - remember the "all-or-nothing" principle
17. 300
18. True
19. muscle cell and nerve cell
20. True (poplitius locks and unlocks the knee)

Remember the organizational order (smallest to largest) for muscles:
sarcomere --> myofibril--->muscle fiber--> muscle fascicle-->skeletal muscle

Muscle Questions - Set #3

2005-07-10T02:01:00.000-07:00

1) Skeletal muscle is described by all of the following EXCEPT:
a) striated
b) voluntary
c) multinucleate
d) autorhythmic

2) The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue:
a) striated
b) skeletal
c) cardiac
d) smooth

3) Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle tissue:
a) is involuntary
b) is non-striated
c) has intercalated discs
d) contains smooth muscle tissue

4) Approximately what percentage of body heat is generated by muscle tissue:
a) 15%
b) 30%
c) 55%
d) 85%
e) 98%

5) A muscle fascicle is a:
a) bundle of myofibrils
b) bundle of connective tissue
c) bundle of muscle fibers
d) muscle cell

6) The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle is a:
a) sarcomere
b) motor unit
c) synapse
d) thin filament

7) The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are:
a) myosin and tropomyosin
b) myosin and actin
c) actin and troponin
d) troponin and tropomyosin

8) Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle:
a) constriction of blood vessels
b) heartbeat
c) dilation of pupil
d) eye movements

9) Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction:
a) thick and thin filaments bind to each other
b) muscle fibers stretch
c) thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other
d) muscle fibers shorten

10) This process aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction:
a) calcium is released from intracellular storage sites
b) motor neurons send electrical signal to muscle
c) acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine
d) troponin binds calcium

11) The stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from:
a) excessive acetycholine activity on muscle
b) excessive calcium release in muscle
c) excessive lactic acid build up
d) excessive contraction of the fibers

12) A single motor neuron may innervate as few as 3-5 fibers in muscles of the:
a) upper arms
b) legs
c) eye
d) heart

13) When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron:
a) calcium is released inside of the muscle fiber
b) acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft
c) acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft
d) physical contact between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber occurs

14) Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in:
a) decrease acetylcholine production by the motor neuron
b) relaxation of the muscle fiber
c) excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber
d) inability of the motor neuron to stimulate the muscle fiber

15) Curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on muscle tissue. This would result in:
a) increased stimulation of the muscle fiber
b) inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus
c) contraction of the muscle fiber
d) excessive contractions and convulsions

16) Training excersizes such as jogging, swimming and aerobics have this effect on skeletal muscle tissue:
a) increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber
b) increase number of muscle fibers
c) increase number of motor units
d) increase number of skeletal muscles

17) Muscular dystrophy is a congenital disorder characterized by
a) skeletal muscle degeneration
b) excessive convulsions
c) shaking and trembling
d) only cardiac damage

18) Which of the following muscular disorders characterized by painful musculoskeletal "tender points":
a) fibromyalgia
b) myasthenia gravis
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Becker muscular dystrophy

19) Anabolic steroids have all these effects except:
a) builds muscle proteins
b) increases muscle strength
c) increases number of muscles in the body
d) can result in liver cancer and heart disease

20) Which of the following statements regarding aging and the muscular system is true:
a) aging is associated with decreased myoglobin production
b) the effects of aging can be nearly completely reversed
c) satellite cells increase in aging causing fibrosis
d) young persons have more adipose in muscles compared to elderly persons

True/False Questions - Muscles

2005-07-10T02:00:00.000-07:00

1. The troponin and tropomyosin system is bound to actin molecules.
2. The troponin and tropomyosin system has calcium ions attached to it.
3. Acetyl Choline (ACh) molecules are located in the receptors on the motor end plate.
4. The myosin cross bridges come in contact with the actin molecules.
5. Calcium is in high concentration in the SR - and low concentration inside the muscle cell.
6. The troponin and tropomyosin system is bound to the motor end plate.
7. Acetyl Choline ester-ase (AChE) is secreted by the motor neuron.
8. Protein molecules inside a sarcomere , such as actin and myosin, are longer when a muscle cell is relaxed, as compared to when it is contracted.
9. The motor neuron does NOT secrete any NTS in order to activate relaxation.
10. There are NTSs in the receptors on the motor end plate.

Web link to answers: http://www.msjensen.gen.umn.edu/webanatomy/wa_muscle/wa_muscle_relax_1.htm#there%20are%20any

Muscle Questions - Set #1

2005-07-08T22:58:00.000-07:00

1) Define Tone in muscles.
2) What do we call a motor unit?
3) How do you define smooth muscle movements?

4) What occurs when a muscle sheath is depolarized?
a) The membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell.
b) The cytoplasm is flooded with calcium ions
c) The H-line lengthens and the muscle tone is increased.

5) T/F – Functional unit of a skeletal muscle is called a sarcolemma.

6) The boundaries of a functional unit of a skeletal muscle is called:
a) A-Line
b) I-Line
c) Z-Line
d) H-Line

7) T/F – Muscles create heat by aerobic respiration in mitochondria.

8) Muscles can be named by their shapes. Give the Latin term that would indicate the following shapes of muscles:
a) Long
b) Lateral
c) Diagonal
d) Triangular
e) Saw-toothed
f) Diamond
g) Circular

9) Which is more mobile – insertion or origin of the muscle?
10) What is another name for rhomboidus major?
11) When naming a muscle by the origin and insertion, which begins the name – origin or insertion?
12) T/F – As you age, the number of muscle cells increases.
13) T/F –The type and number of muscle cells is determined by your diet and exercise patterns.
14) T/F –If a muscle is cut, it will become flaccid and atrophy.
15) T/F –If you do exercises that contract your muscles without changing the length, you are doing isotonic exercises.
16) T/F – One muscle can have areas of contractions and relaxations occur at the same time.

17) The number of mitochondria in the average muscle cell is:
a) 1000
b) 250
c) 500
d) 300
e) 3500

18) T/F – Smooth muscles contain sarcomeres.

19) A neuromuscular unit consist of :
a) Fused myoblasts with peripheral nuclei
b) Satellite cells and muscle cells
c) Muscle cell and nerve cell
d) Tensor and relaxor nerves
e) Extensors and adductors

20) T/F – Quadraceps femoris extends the knee.

Autopsy #2

2005-07-06T06:53:00.000-07:00

Weel, test #2 was what Mr. Trench promised in review - all reasonable questions of data covered in class. Too bad I couldn't remember all the answers. I do think the key version of the test is a nice mind-jogger if you really do study though. I switched from short answer to key mid-way since I ended up with a little test anxiety during the practicum and my brain shut down. The key ended up being like a big-people security blanket. But I may have shocked myself again since I found out I got a B on the first test (It still sucked - lol)

Next stop - Kut-up Kitty goes to Penn State....link at the top of page with the other links...

Hand Bones

2005-07-05T11:24:00.000-07:00

Tip: Want an easy way to remember the carpal bones?!?

Remember this...

Naughty (Navicular)

Lovers (Lunate)

Try (Triquetral)

Positions (Pisiform)

That (Trapezium)

They (Trapezoid)

Can't (Capitate)

Handle (Hamate)

Part 1 - Review from Class - Integument, Skeleton & Articulations

2005-07-03T23:16:00.000-07:00

Brief notes/ topic outline from class as I recorded them.
Test make-up - Lecture - Scantron - 100 questions
Lab Test - 51 fill in blank questions (key vs no key)

1. What is function of Skeleton? Support, protection, storage of minerals

2. Function of integument.

3. Layers of integument
* Hypodermis (sub-Q) not part of epidermis

4. Layers of dermis, epidermis & functions

5. Know cells found in skin - discussed melanocytes and keratinocytes

6. Color of skin - what causes coloration variants

7. Suntan vs health - vitamin D and skin cancer

8. Squamous cells

10. Dandruff - larger flakes than dander because hair follicles hold onto it longer and it comes off in "chunks"

11. Tactile/pressure sensors in skin
Deep dermis - type of cell - pressure (Langerhon's?)
Papillary - type of cells - tactile - (Merkel's?)
Ques - which is more sensitive - hairy skin or hairless skin? (ans - hairy)

12. Exocrine glands
Sweat - merocrine, apocrine
Sebatious - holocrine
Seruminous/wax

13. Functions of waxy secretions - lubrication, water-proofing

14. Distribution of sweat glands
lactiferous glands (mammary)
exolactation glands
Eccrum glands (seruminous?)

15. Hypodermis holds hair in place with all supporting structures

16. Dermis stretched = damages collagin fibers (Stretch marks)
Elastin/elastic fibers - loose skin

17. Most vascularized level of dermis - papillary

18. When you get old, osteoporisis
Rickettes = spongy, underderveloped bones in kids

19. Common fractures: greenstick, simple, spiral, stree (running), Colle's, Pott's, compound, transverse

20. Epiphysial plate - location and function

21. Nutrient arteries (AKA perforating arteries or Volkmann's arteries) - found in central/Haversian canals

22. Parts of bone structure
Osteon, Sharpy's fibers, perforating arteries, bone ivory

23. Classify bones how?
Long bone - humerus
short bone - carpals
irregular bones - vertebra
flat bones - ribs, cranial bones
sesamoidal bones - patella
Wormian/suture bones - not true bones

24. Puberty and bone growth factors
acromegaly - exxagerated growth
Giants - why? Epiphysial plate didn't fuse early enough

25. What attaches bone to bone and bone to cartilage?

26. Bone found in tendon?
What is a bursa?
27. Osteoclast – breaks down bony matrix
Osteoblast – creates bone cells
Osteocyte – mature bone cells found in lacuna

28. How do bones regulate growth? Altering osteoblast/osteoclast activity

29. what creates periosteium?

30. What kind of growth allows bones to become wider in diameter? Apositional growth by creating more osteons

31. Two main methods by which bone is created?
Endochondral ossification – long bones
Exomembranal ossification – flat bones

32. Size of vertabrae and major landmarks including: transverse foramen, transverse lines, ala, coccyx, sacral foramen, hiatus, sacral cornu

33. Numbers of types of bones:

33a. Occipital bone; manubrium/body/xiphoid process

34. Three story questions found in Lecture Notes #% on page 8.

35. Which blood cells are produced in the bone marrow? (all)

36. Middle ear - porous bone (part of ear most damaged by whooping cough
Stapes – most delicate of auditory ossicles
Malleus on end
Incus in-between

37. Causes of common headaches – sinusitis, stress, muscle tension

38. Alveolar bone – gumphosis – 32 permanent teeth

39. Know common sutures in skull
Lambdoidal, squamous, coronal, parietal, etc.

40. Nasal conche are part of which bone? (Ethmoidal)

41. Know numbers and types of ribs
Floating 2 pair
True – 7 pair
False – 5 pairs

42. Reviewed Foot & wrist bones

43. What makes a true rib “true”?

44. Reviewed volmer bone articulations

45. Joint planes of rotation
I.e. gleno-humoral – triaxial

46. With what surface does the head of the humerus articulate?
Note: fossa=valley, fobia=pit

47. Other than aural bones, smallest bone in skull – lacrimal

48. Landmarks on long bones…

49. Function of fontanels and names of them.

50. Function and origin of dens

51. Reviewed bones of orbital socket.

52. Name largest foramen and which bones are it composed of?

53. Nuchal line in occipital

54. Heels=dorsal flexion
Toes=plantar flexion
Extension vs. Flexion
Adduction vs. abduction
Inversion vs eversion
Protraction vs. retraction

55. Arthritis – rheumatoid vs. osteoarthritis cause

56. Most injuries (sports) – cruciates
Tendons, ligaments and surrounding tissues stabilize joints

57. Shoulder dislocations - joints vs. planes of motion

58. Synovial fluids are lubricate, transport nutrients and protective (cartilage is dependent on surrounding tissues for nutrients.)

59. Gumphosis – joint that holds teeth in place

60. Name that bone game – see questions below.

61. As you age, bones become less occified.

62. Interchondular eminance

63. Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Study Session at Catalina's on Sunday, July 3

2005-07-03T08:29:00.000-07:00

Catalina's Coffee Company is located at 126 North Catalina Avenue Redondo Beach, CA 90277 (310)-318-2499 - Website is http://www.catalinacoffee.com/.

Patti and I will be there from 11am to 4pm today.

New Set of Questions

2005-07-02T20:15:00.000-07:00

1) A synathrosis located between bones of the skull is a
a) Symphysis
b) Syndesmosis
c) Synchondrosis
d) suture

2) The articulation between adjacent vertebral bodies is
a) Syndesmosis
b) Synchondrosis
c) Synphysis
d) synostosis

3) The anterior articulation between two pubic bones is
a) Synchondrosis
b) Synphysis
c) synostosis
d) synarthrosis

4) Joints typically located at the end of long bones are
a) synarthrosis
b) amphiarthrosis
c) diarthrosis
d) symphyses

5) The function of articular cartilage is
a) To reduce friction
b) To prevent bony surfaces from contacting one another
c) To provide lubrication
d) A and B are correct

6) The structures responsible for channeling the flow of synovial fluid are
a) Menisci
b) Bursae
c) Carpal tunnels
d) Articular cartilages

7) The structures that limit the range of motion of a joint and provide mechanical support across or around the joint are
a) Bursae
b) Tendons
c) Menisci
d) All of the above

8) A partial dislocation of an articulating surface is a
a) Circumduction
b) Hyperextension
c) Subluxation
d) supination

9) Abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the
a) Axial skeleton
b) Appendicular skeleton
c) Skull
d) Vertebral column

10) Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly is
a) Supination
b) Pronation
c) Proliferation
d) projection

One of these bones is not like the other...

2005-07-02T19:56:00.000-07:00

One of these bones just doesn’t belong. Can you guess which bone is not like the other, before I finish my song?

1. Atlas, axis, illium, sacrum, coccyx
2. Femur, patella, tibia, clavicle, os coxea
3. Manubrium. Coccyx, xiphoid process, sternum
4. Zygomatic bone, sphenoid bone, occipital bone, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone
5. Maxillary bone, temporal bone, mandible, zygomatic bone, nasal bone
6. Cuboidal bone, cuniform bones, metacarpals, talus, calcaneus
7. Lunate, capitate bone, phalanx, olecronon, trapezium
8. Scapula, humerus, ulna, tarsal bone, radius
9. Vomer, sphenoid, maxilla, hyoid, temporal bone

Name that Bone...

2005-07-02T12:46:00.000-07:00

Name the bone that has the following characteristics:
1. Coracoid process, acromion, supraspinous process
2. Transverse foramen, spinous process, superior articular facet
3. Mandibular fossa, external acoustic canal, styloid process
4. Orbital process, perpendicular plate, horizontal plate
5. Middle nasal concha, Crista galli, cribiform plate
6. Transverse costal facet, spinous process, lamina
7. Obturator foramen, acetabulum, lesser sciatic notch
8. Greater trochanter, medial epicondyle, linea aspera
9. Inferior gluteal line, greater sciatic notch, acetabulum
10. Coronoid process, Trochlear notch, olecranon

A few questions from Review Class

2005-07-01T23:34:00.000-07:00

1. What is the function of the skeleton?’
2. Name the layers of the integument.
3. What color is skin?
4. Name two effects that UV light can have on skin.
5. Name the types of cells found in skin.
6. Name functions of seruminous secretions.
7. What is the most vascularized level of the dermis?
8. Of the following, which is not a kind of common fractures:
a. Greenstick
b. Stress
c. Spiral
d. Transverse
e. Compound
9. Name two other types of fractures not listed in number 8.
10. What type of tissue attaches bone to bone?
11. Name six classifications of bones and an example of each.
12. Define each of the following and give the location where commonly found:
a. Osteoclast
b. Osteoblast
c. Osteocyte
13. Which type of bone is created by endochondrial ossification?
14. Name three common causes of headaches.
15. How many of the following bones are generally found in humans?
a. Floating ribs
b. True ribs
c. False ribs
16. With which other bones does the volmer bone articulate?
17. Name the smallest bone in the skull.
18. How the glenohumeral joint can move in many planes of movement?
19. Name the functions of the fontanelles.
20. Name two types of arthritis and the cause of each.
21. Synovial fluids serve which purposes?
22. T/F – As you age, your bones become more spongy.
23. T/F – Kyphosis is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the cervical vertebrae.
24. Describe the location and function of the Crista Gali.
25. Name a bone which does not articulate with another.

Weblink for Anatomical Study

2005-06-30T00:07:00.000-07:00

As per Mr. Trench's suggestion, I found a great website for study of skeleton. There are photographs of all the bones with numbered arrows. You quiz yourself by identifying the areas and the answers are a click away. I will find other sites for each of the major systems an keep the links at the top of the page for ease of reference.

This absolves me of writing questions tonight...lol. Friday though, be prepared for the Sesame Street Version of Anatomy 32!

Have a great evening!

TLC

Inquiring minds....Set 1 - Integument

2005-06-28T15:09:00.000-07:00

1. Name and explain the functions of the five layers of the Epidermis. (Hint - they all start with stratum.)

2. Name five factors that influence skin color.

3. What is a primary component of hypodermia?

4. Define heterograft and it's function.

5. From which of the main gland types is a ceruminous gland derived?

6. On which part of the body will you find lanugo?

7. Name the largest organ in the body.

8. Name three areas of the body (besides the skin) in which melanin is concentrated.

9. What percentage of burn would be diagnosed if the upper and lower limbs and posterior trunk were burned?

10. Describe a second-degree burn. Include estimated healing time and skin layers affected.

11. T/F - Stratum lucidum contains eleidin and small granules.

Test 1 Autopsy

2005-06-27T21:06:00.000-07:00

Okay - no getting around it - that first test just sucked. Good thing we get to drop a low score test. Suggestions to help us all study more effectively. Read the book *and* recopy the data in the handouts during lecture. It will help you "get" what is being discussed.

Upward and onward....Next section will cover the integument (skin).

First Study Session

2005-06-26T18:35:00.000-07:00

Thanks to Patti, Toni. Bianca and Kaitlyn for participating. I think it went well. Our next session is sceduled for 11AM at Catalina's Coffee house on Sunday, July 3. Email for directions.

Test 1 - The End of 100 - Tissues, Cavities & Anatomical terms

2005-06-26T09:12:00.000-07:00

1. Give the Latin term for the following regions:

Anterior leg ____________________________ Hand ______________________

Neck _________________________ Upper arm ______________________

Ankle ________________________ Forearm ____________________________

Groin ________________________ Calf ________________________

Foot _________________ Sole of foot ________________

Main part of body where arms and legs attach _______________

Chest _________________ Heel of Foot __________________

2. Give examples of 3 organs cantained in each of the following areas:

Right Upper Quadrant ___________________________
Right Lower Quadrant ___________________________
Left Upper Quadrant ____________________________
Left Lower Quadrant ____________________________

3. What part of the body is referred to as the anticubitis region? __________________

4, What part of the body is referred to as the popliteal region? _____________________

5. Name the nine regions created when two lateral (medial to nipples), a transpyloric and transtubular planes are created.

6. List one function for each of the following tissue types and a possible location for each:

Ciliated columnar epithelium _____________________

Hyaline cartilage _____________________

Elastic cartilage _____________________

Smooth muscle tissue _____________________

Cardiac tissue _____________________

Nervous tissue ____________________

Transitional epithelium _____________________

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium _____________________

Reticular connective tissue _____________________

Dense irregular tissue _______________________

Just a few note from the "author"

2005-06-24T23:05:00.000-07:00

My apologies for not completing the top 200 this evening. My excuses are as follows:

1. I got off work 2 1/2 hours later than I expected today. (g-r-r-r-r)

2. I broke a nail and decided to have all twenty done at once. (You may admire them on Sunday at study session.)

3. I needed to see if the world was still out there and watched part of Neil Cavuto. (Stock market dived 300+ points, and, although I own no stock, I hope to one day.)

4. I forgot that it was my birthday and needed to return calls from my rather large family.

I will post more questions tomorrow morning when I wake up.

: - }

Test 1 - The Next Twenty-five Questions (part 2)

2005-06-24T21:46:00.000-07:00

1. T/F - Resolving power = (power of objective lens) x (power of ocular lens.

2. Epithelial tissue is of two major forms: ________________________ (secreting portion of specialized organs) and _____________________ (coverings and linings).

3. The basement membrane is an adhesive material produces by the ___________ lamina and underlying ___________ lamina.

4. Glands are classified as either _____________________ or _____________________.

5. _________________ glands carry their secretions away by means of tube-like ducts (e.g. sweat glands.)

6. _________________ gland secretions pass into the extracellular fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream (e.g. hormones.)

7. ________________ __________________ ephithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder, ureters and superior part of the the urethra.

8. The scientific method as outlines in "Anatomy Note2" consists of 7 steps. Name them.

9. T/F - Lysosomes are specialized vesicles which store waste materials.

10. Cilia are membrane extensions containing _______________ __________________ arrainged in a _________ __________.

11. On a non-ciliated cell, name the outermost structure and describe two functions.

12. Study of structures visible to the naked eye is ____________ anatomy.

13. Define the Cell Theory.

14. Give the most specific name for the body cavity containing:
a. Heart
b. Lungs
c. Uterus
d. Gall bladder
e. Spinal cord
f. Frontal sinuses

15. T/F - In the metaphase of mitosis, the nuclear membrane is still visib;e.

16. T/F - Sweat glands are compound, coiled, tubular glands.

17. The leukocyte which has the largest nucleus and is directly involved in both Cell-Mediated and Aquired Humoral immunity is _____________________.

18. The kind of ephithelium which are found in the linings of the Fallopian tubes, some sinuses, small bronchii and uterus responsible for movement of mucus or reprductive cells is __________________ ______________ ephithelial tissue.

19. Nervous tissue is composed ot two major cell populations _______________(cells with _______________ and conductivity) and ______________ (supporting cells.)

20. T/F - The integument system is the largest organ in the human body.

21. The integument system consists of two major components: ____________________ membrane (continaing the _____________ and ______________) and the _______________ structures (hair, nails exocrine glands).

22. _____________________ cells produce the myelin sheath around peripheral axions in nervous tissue.

23. T/F - Skin helps regulate the body temperature by altering the blood flow to the organs and the production of perspiration.

24. ___________________ are chemical substances that are produced by the cell and mix into the cytoplasm.

25. When looking at ___________ tissue under the microscope, most of the staging area will appear to be large clear vacuoles.

Test 1 - The Next Twenty-five Questions

2005-06-24T20:17:00.000-07:00

1. Thinking of the three germ layers of tissue, from which layer would you produce:
a. Nervous cells and ephithelial cells
b. Blood and muscle tissue
c. Viceral (gut) tissue

2. T/F - Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production site for proteins.

3. Name the location, contents and function of the nucleolus. (No whining allowed...lol)

4. Name the richest source for macrophages.

5. Name the types of leucocytes (white blood cells) in order of percentage, lowest to highest.

6. T/F - Neutrophils produce histamine in allergic reactions.

7. Which type of cartilage contains the most chondracytes?

8. Bone cells live in ______________ and are surrounded by a ____________ _____________, receiving nutrients through ______________ , which contain ___________ ______________.

9. The common embryonic origin of all tissue is _____________________.

10. Dense irregular connective tissue can be found where?

11. Glial cells produce the _______ ____________ in ___________ cells.

12. Muscle tissues can be grouped into three main types. Name them.

13. T/F - Goblet cells are single celles glands the collect mucus and can be found in the reproductive and respiratory organs.

14. During which phase(-s) of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
e. Interphase

15. T/F - If a cell is put into a hypotonic solution, the cell will burst.

16. T/F - If you wanted to divide an organism into two equal halfs into left and right sides, you would make a midsagittal cut.

17. T/F - The right lung and appendix are ipsilateral in a human body.

18. T/F - The left lung and spleen are contralateral in the human body.

19. In order to divide the human body into cephalic and caudal halves, one would need to make a __________________________ cut.

20. T/F - Anatomical position occurs when the subject stands erect with eyes facing toward the observer. Arms are placed against the sides with palms facing posteriorly. Feet are flat on the floor and parallel to each other.

21. Serous membranes cover body cavities, plus the organs contained in them. Name the three main cavities and organs that may be found within the cavity.

22. T/F - Homeostasis is the tendency of physiological systems to stabilize and maintain internal conditions.

23. Define life using characterisitics discussed in "Anatomy Note 2".

24. T/F - Phagocytosis is a form of Active Transport.

25. T/F - Fungi are unicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs.

Test 1 - The First Twenty-five Questions

2005-06-24T19:46:00.000-07:00

1. Which of the following is a non-membrane bound organelle?
a. Nucleolus b. Mitochondria c. Lysosome

2. T/F --Heterotrophs make their own energy through processes such as photosynthesis.

3. There are four main groupings of tissue. Name the non-vascularized tissue.

4. What type of call creates the bony matrix?

5. Match the type of secretory gland with the type of substance secreted.
a. meracrine 1. Odiferous secretion
b. holocrine 2. watery secretion
c. apocrine 3. Oily secretion

6. Name the longest/largest type of cell in the body.

7. Are cardiac muscle voluntary or autonomic type of cells.

8. Name the muscle which makes up the cardiac muscle - smooth or skeletal.

9. T/F -- Resolving power is equivalent to magnification.

10. T/F -- Anabolism is the break-down of nutrients into useable molecules for the cells.

20. T/F - Meiosis is the process by which body cells replicate.

21. The best way for a cell to increase absorption is to increase what?
a. Diameter of the cell
b. Surface area of cell
c. Increase the number of contractile vacuoles in the cell
d. Increase Active Transport for the cell

22. There are 3 kinds of RNA. Name them, where they might be found with in the cell and explain their function in Translation - Protein synthesis. (Yeah, I know this is three questions - just answer it.)

23. T/F - Mitosis is the process by which an organism produces gametes.

24. Centrosomes are found where in the cell?

25. T/F - Diffusion is the movement of solutes (particles) from an area of high concentration of solutes to an area of low concentration of solutes through a selective, semipermiable membrane.

Study Sessions

2005-06-24T08:02:00.000-07:00

Patti is having a Saturday study session at her home. I will be having study session at Manhattan Bread and Bagel on Sepulveda in Manhattan Beach on Sundays from 11AM to 3PM. We will be in the South Corner of the Restaurant part. Email me if you need details.

Notes for Using this Blog

2005-06-23T08:15:00.000-07:00

I am starting this blog to help my fellow summer school study buddies and buddettes to prep for the tests for Anatomy 32 taught by Mr. Trench. If you are not a student at El Camino Community College, I will give a synopsis for each of the six tests and you can filter out the info you don't need.

In addition to notes of items I found challenging, I will attempt to list my top 200 questions that I think may be on the test in some form or fashion each Friday afternoon. Since all test answers will be compiled on Scantron sheets, the format for the questions will be multiple guess, true/false and matching questions. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment and or email me. If I am not too innundated, I will answer most emails.

Until tonight.

TLC